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基于蒙特卡罗程序使用连续能量点截面、强大的复杂几何处理能力,使得蒙卡程序常被用于确定论程序均匀化群常数截面库制作[1]及作为参考结果[2-3]。在反应堆确定论程序中结构化网格通常适用于形状规则的传统的热中子反应堆和快中子核反应堆,随着核电技术发展,各种微堆等先进堆型研发在不断深入[4],其结构复杂程度使得结构化网格在复杂堆芯的适用性上稍显不足,因此本文探索了一种使用非结构网格模拟先进堆芯的方法,对求解其他复杂先进堆芯有参考意义。
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本文采用蒙特卡罗程序[5-6]产生组件均匀化少群常数[7-8],使用Gmsh程序生成堆芯非结构网格、VITAS程序进行JHR堆芯稳态计算。Gmsh是一款功能强大的三维有限元网格生成器[9],凭借其内置的CAD引擎,具有灵活的几何建模能力、自动网格生成功能及高级可视化能力。VITAS程序是上海交通大学开发的通用型中子输运程序[10],采用积分变分节块方法[11],可处理多种不同网格类型的多维、多群、稳态和瞬态中子输运问题,包括均匀笛卡尔节块、均匀六棱柱节块和均匀非结构三棱柱节块。本文使用VITAS程序的扩散计算功能。
Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR)研究堆是法国原子能与替代能源委员会在建高中子注量率研究堆[12-14],为一座最大热功率为100 MW的池罐式轻水反应堆,具体结构如图1(a)所示,JHR研究堆可提供数量可观的辐照孔道,用于实现不同的辐照测试条件。堆芯内有37个燃料或设备放置位置,其中34个位置放有燃料元件,另外3个位置放置大型辐照设备,堆芯外围为铍反射层。燃料元件(见图1(b))由三组弯曲板组成,这些弯曲板装配有铝加固件。反应性控制系统包括3个安全停堆棒,20~21个功率调节棒和3~4个停堆调节棒。其中3个安全停堆棒是为了在紧急工况下掉落以触发停堆使用。反应性控制元件是一个直径为33 mm的元件。其元件中心为直径20 mm的铝圆柱体。铝圆柱体外部有一个内径为24 mm,外径为33 mm的Hf环形圆柱体。
本文使用简化的二维方形无控制棒JHR堆芯为模型,模型几何示意图如图所示,蓝色部分为轻水,灰色部分为铍反射层,紫色部分为铝制堆芯内罐,堆芯内有34个结构相同的燃料元件,反应堆和燃料元件剖面图如图2所示,反应堆几何参数如表1所示。
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使用蒙卡程序计算产生少群截面信息和生成蒙卡参考解,程序设置采用200个非活跃代,400个活跃代,每代粒子数为50万。在此计算条件下,有效增值系数keff为
1.35958 ±0.00003 。蒙卡的能群分界点引用文献[15],设置为6群。使用Gmsh产生了不同数量的三角形网格传递给VITAS程序计算使用,计算中考虑到反射层较厚,因此将其等分成5圈,不同网格结构如图3所示。
VITAS采用稳态扩散程序进行计算,计算中考虑了网格数量对结果的影响,最终计算结果如表2所示。可以看出随着网格数量的增加,计算结果已经收敛,其中工况4二维网格数量在
50000 以上并且在活性区内的网格数量更密,keff偏差在4×10−3 以内,组件功率相对偏差最小,其结果吻合得最好。JHR堆芯的蒙卡程序和VITAS程序功率分布及偏差对比如图4所示,可以看出VITAS计算出的靠近堆芯中间区域组件功率比蒙卡参考值要小,堆芯最外围组件计算出的功率比蒙卡参考值要大,组件功率最大相对偏差出现在F0位置,VITAS程序和蒙卡程序相对功率分布基本一致。
从网格收敛性分析来看,工况1网格稀疏时keff偏差达8.67×10−3,功率最大相对偏差近8%,表明稀疏网格无法准确捕捉堆芯内通量梯度变化。随着网格加密,工况2至工况4的keff偏差由−0.91×10−3收敛至−3.67×10−3,功率最大偏差由3.87%降至2.70%,验证了非结构网格在复杂几何堆芯模拟中的收敛特性。功率分布偏差的空间规律表明,中心区域功率低估与外围功率高估主要源于扩散理论在强非均匀边界处的局限性,以及均匀化截面在活性区与反射层交界处的能谱畸变效应。此外,非结构三角网格较传统结构化网格能灵活适配JHR堆芯中燃料元件的弯曲板几何及不规则排布,避免阶梯近似带来的几何建模误差,为先进堆芯高保真数值模拟提供了有效途径。
JHR堆芯的蒙卡程序和VITAS程序分群通量分布及偏差对比如图5所示,可以看出各群中子通量的两程序计算结果差异不大,最大相对偏差值为8.6%。
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本文通过采用非结构网格使用通用型扩散求解器VITAS计算稳态简化无控制棒二维JHR堆芯模型,其keff和蒙卡程序参考解偏差在4×10−3 以内,组件功率分布最大相对偏差在3%以内,分群通量分布也吻合的较好。后续将新增稳态插棒模型及三维模型结果,并考虑计算瞬态结果进行完善,本文采用的基于非结构网格模拟堆芯的方法对复杂堆芯建模有一定参考意义。
基于蒙卡截面和非结构网格方法模拟JHR堆芯
Simulation of JHR reactor core based on Monte-Carlo cross-section and unstructured grid method
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摘要: JHR反应堆是法国正在建设的高通量试验反应堆,为现有反应堆运行、延寿和未来反应堆设计提供支持。为探索一种使用非结构网格模拟先进堆芯的方法,以简化JHR堆芯为模型,使用Gmsh程序生成堆芯非结构网格,使用蒙特卡罗程序产生多群截面,代入通用型中子扩散求解器VITAS进行计算,结果表明稳态计算参数和蒙卡程序吻合得较好。该方法对求解其他复杂先进堆芯有参考意义。Abstract:
BackgroundThe Jules Horowitz irradiation reactor (JHR) core is a 100 MW high-flux material testing reactor under construction in southern France to support existing reactor operations, life extension, and future reactor designs. However, the complex geometry of advanced reactor cores poses significant challenges for traditional deterministic methods based on structured grids. PurposeIn this paper, we explore and develop an unstructured grid method for simulating advanced cores, using simplified two-dimensional JHR cores without control rods as the model. MethodsUnstructured triangular meshes were generated using the Gmsh program with varying mesh densities. The Serpent Monte Carlo code was employed to generate six-group homogenized cross sections. Steady-state neutron diffusion calculations were performed using VITAS, a general-purpose neutron diffusion solver developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. ResultsThe effective multiplication factor (keff) calculated by VITAS converged with increasing mesh refinement, achieving agreement within 4×10−3 of the Monte Carlo reference value of 1.35958 . The maximum relative deviation in assembly power distribution was within 3%, occurring at the peripheral fuel positions. The multi-group flux distributions showed good consistency between the two codes, with a maximum relative deviation of 8.6%.ConclusionsThe proposed unstructured grid method demonstrates satisfactory accuracy for steady-state analysis of complex reactor cores. This approach offers valuable reference for modeling other advanced reactors with intricate geometries where structured grids are inadequate. -
Key words:
- Monte-Carlo cross-section /
- JHR /
- unstructured grid method .
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表 1 反应堆设计参数
Table 1. Reactor design parameters
fuel element radius/cm fuel element pitch/cm aluminum inner tank radius/cm reflector radius/cm pool side length/cm 4.2291 7.671 32.72 62.72 100 表 2 VITAS主要结果与蒙卡的对比
Table 2. Comparison between VITAS and Monte Carlo simulations
case number of grids keff absolute deviation of keff
(V*−S*)maximum relative deviation of assembly
power ((V−S)/S)/%1 788 1.35090 867.627 −7.953 2 3152 1.36049 −90.968 −3.868 3 12608 1.36271 −313.206 −2.909 4 50432 1.36325 −366.945 −2.695 *V represents VITAS results,S represents Monte Carlo results -
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