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复杂交通运输网络上的拥挤与效率问题研究*
Congestion and efficiency in complex traffic and transportation networks
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摘要: 本文研究复杂交通运输网络上的拥挤与效率问题。在无标度网络、随机网络以及小世界网络等不同拓扑结构中，探讨了不同的能力分配方式和不同的OD (Origin-Destination)交通需求分布对网络拥挤度和效率的影响。随着平均交通需求的增加，分析无标度网络、随机网络以及小世界网络从自由流状态到交通拥堵状态的变化规律。为便于比较，本文侧重研究网络拥挤度的倒数，并将其定义为通畅度。研究发现网络中的通畅度与效率之间存在线性相关关系，并且不同网络中的线性比例系数(或斜率)是不同的，从而体现了不同网络具有不同的运输性能。Abstract: This paper investigates the congestion and efficiency in complex traffic and transportation networks. Effects of different distri-butions of capacity and origin-destination traffic demand on the degree of congestion and efficiency are explored in different network topologies including scale-free networks, random networks and small-world networks. According to the increase of average traffic demand, the transition from free flow state to congested state is analyzed. For easy comparison, we discuss the reciprocal of the congestion degree, which is defined as the network unobstructedness. A linear relation between the degree of unobstructedness and efficiency in different networks is uncovered, and the linear proportional coefficients are different in scale-free networks, random networks and small-world networks. These coefficients can also be used to describe the different transport performance in different networks.
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