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麦克斯韦妖与信息处理的物理极限
Maxwell's demon and the physical limits on information processing
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摘要: 文章系统地评述了麦克斯韦妖佯谬相关的热力学基本观念的发端、历史沿革以及当前正在发展的科学前沿问题。文章作者从以下两个方面详细地阐述了为什么信息处理过程本质上是一个与麦克斯韦妖观念相“纠缠”的物理过程：(1)信息认知和提取可以辅助物理系统更有效地做功；(2)物理定律会对信息处理过程施加一个不可逾越的物理极限。这些分析与概念的澄清将有助于正确理解计算过程和热力学之间的关系。Abstract: We review the origin and historical evolution of the fundamental concepts regard-ing Maxwell’s demon as well as the latest developments at the frontiers of scientific research derived from the paradox. It is demonstrated from two complementary aspects that information processing is a process that is in essence“entangled”with the concept of Maxwell’s demon:(1) A physical system can work more efficiently by acquiring information, and (2) physical laws impose an ultimate limit on the energy dissipation during information processing. Our analysis and clarification of these concepts should promote our understanding of the intrinsic relation between computation processes and the the-ory of thermodynamics.
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