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蛋白质晶体的魅力*，1）--国际晶体学年漫谈结构（晶体）生物学
The charm of protein crystals--Structural biology at a glance in the International Year of Crystallography
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摘要: 以应用物理学及数学对称性原理为基础，晶体学是一门典型的多学科综合交叉学科。2014年是德国物理学家劳厄(von Laue)因为首次进行X射线穿过矿物晶体得到衍射现象的实验从而荣获1914年诺贝尔物理学奖一百周年纪念，也是联合国教科文组织将2014年确定为“国际晶体学年”的一年。文章简要地回顾了X射线晶体学发展壮大的百年历史，重点展望了结构生物学中最为重要的分支--蛋白质晶体学的发展及前景。特别介绍了中国近年来蛋白质晶体学的快速发展及其在世界上的崛起。最后，以作者所在实验室的一个结构生物学研究课题--Caspase-6的结构与功能研究为例，较为详细地介绍和阐明了蛋白质晶体学在结构生物学研究中的一些实验细节、可能遇到的困难及研究思路，指出了物理学原理及原子水平的动力学性质在进一步阐明蛋白质结构与功能研究中的重要性。Abstract: Crystallography is a typical intellectual endeavor that has spanned human histo-ry for centuries. Through the persistent efforts of generations of scientists, crystallography has been transformed from a mathematical hypothesis to actual physical reality, mainly thanks to X-ray diffraction technology. 2014 is celebrated as the International Year of Crystallography (IYCr-2014), to commemorate that about 100 years ago, when Max von Laue in Germany and the father-and-son Braggs(William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg) in England pioneered the use of X-rays to determine the atomic structure of crystals; for this pioneering work they were awarded Nobel prizes for physics in the years of 1914 and 1915. This article is dedicated to the IYCr to de-scribe the use of protein crystals, an application that has developed into protein crystallography and subsequently structural biology. In our overview of the history and future prospects of this field, we discuss in detail one example of caspase-6, to demonstrate how protein crystallography can help us understand the structure-function relationship of important proteins.
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