Keywords: 
• RSA公钥密码 /
• 量子密钥分发 /
• BB84协议 /
• E91协议 /
• "墨子号"量子科学实验卫星

Abstract: Cryptography has gone through the stages of classical cryptography, modern cryptography, and quantum key distribution. The successful launching of the first quantum satel-lite "Mozi" is now leading quantum key distribution onto a new journey. We present a review of the development of cryptography, with a detailed discussion of RSA public key cryptography. We also explain the Bennett―Brassard and Ekert protocols which are used in quantum key distribu-tion. Then we describe the development of quantum communication, as well as the experimental tasks and significance of the Mozi satellite.