摘要:
近红外光电探测器在军事和国民经济中应用广泛,如航空航天、光通信、工业控制、近红外成像等领域.文章首先讲述了近红外光电探测器的发展历史、工作原理和基本应用情况.通过比较各类光电探测器的性能参数,可以看出基于纳米材料的近红外光电探测器具有很高的响应度、探测率和响应速度.然后,文章将着重介绍近红外光电探测器在光纤通信、无人驾驶、模式识别和光电耦合等领域的发展情况及相关原理.最后,文章对近红外光电探测器的发展前景进行了展望.未来近红外光电探测器将全面应用于各大领域,但是高端的材料生长技术、高效的光电转化方法以及大规模光电器件集成工艺等方面的不足依旧是限制纳米光电探测器发展的主要因素.
Abstract:
Near infrared (NIR) photodetectors have been widely used in the fields of military and national economy including aeronautics and astronautics, optical communication, industrial control, NIR imaging and so on. In this paper, we first introduce the development history, working principle and fundamental applications of NIR photodetectors. Compared with NIR pho-todetectors made of other materials, the devices composed of nanomaterials can exhibit excellent performance in terms of higher responsivity, larger detectivity and faster response speed. Then, we present the current development status and related operating principle of the NIR photodetectors for applications in the areas of optical communication, automatic drive, identification and optoelectronic coupler. Finally, an outlook of the future development of NIR photodetectors is delivered. With the development of science and technology, NIR photodetectors will be extensively applied in more practical fields in the future. However, there are still some obstacles for development of the NIR photodetectors such as advanced growth of materials, efficient conversion of photons to electricity and large-scale integration of optoelectronic devices, etc.
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