从“滑”到“超滑”:原子尺度上冰的润滑行为
From slippery to superlubrication: the lubrication behavior of ice at the atomic scale
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摘要: 为什么冰面如此光滑,这一问题困扰科学家已逾百年。文章利用高分辨率qPlus型扫描探针显微镜,在原子尺度上解析了自然界最常见的六角冰表面结构,首次揭示其表面由六角密堆积与立方密堆积纳米晶畴交替有序排列,形成一种长程有序的周期性超结构。这些由缺陷组成的晶畴边界显著促进了冰表面的局部预融化,使其在低至-153℃的温度下即开始融化,表现出润滑行为。进一步地将体相六角冰“压缩”至二维极限,在石墨烯和氮化硼表面构建出二维六角冰,结果发现二维冰与石墨烯衬底呈不公度关系,并表现出摩擦系数低于0.01的超润滑特性,而在公度匹配的氮化硼衬底上则呈现传统摩擦行为,这是低维受限水输运中结构超润滑的首个实验证据。
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关键词:
- qPlus型扫描探针显微镜 /
- 六角冰表面 /
- 预融化 /
- 二维冰 /
- 超润滑
Abstract: Why is ice so slippery? This question has puzzled scientists for over a century. In this study, we used high-resolution qPlus-based scanning probe microscopy to resolve the atomic-scale surface structure of hexagonal ice (ice Ih), the most common ice form in nature. We discovered, for the first time, a long-range periodic surface superstructure composed of alternating nanoscale Ih and Ic domains. Furthermore, we found that the defective domain boundaries significantly promote localized premelting, enabling the surface to exhibit lubricating behavior at temperatures as low as -153 ℃. By further“compressing”bulk ice Ih into its two-dimensional(2D) limit, we successfully fabricated 2D hexagonal ice on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates. The 2D ice was found to be incommensurate with graphene, where it exhibited superlubricity with a friction coefficient below 0.01, while it remained commensurate with h-BN and displayed conventional friction——this is the first experimental evidence of structural superlubricity in confined water transport. -
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