蓬勃发展的钙钛矿太阳能电池
Perovskite solar cells are thriving
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摘要:
新能源技术的发展浪潮浩浩荡荡,每一种新兴技术都身处潮流之中。钙钛矿太阳能电池技术是一位实力与运气兼备的“未来之星”,过去十余年间,已认证光电转换效率一路飙升至 27.0%,走完了它的前辈——晶硅太阳能电池用了大半个世纪才走完的路。钙钛矿太阳能电池技术之所以发展得如此迅猛,主要归功于其具有组分和带隙灵活可调、原料来源广泛、工艺简单、成本低廉等方面的优势。除此之外,它还具备轻质柔性、可与硅基太阳能电池集成的优势,使其应用空间得到了进一步拓展,显示出成为新一代主流光伏技术的巨大潜力。文章回顾钙钛矿太阳能电池的基本物理原理与发展历程,详细阐述电池器件结构的划分和组成,总结针对电池结构及相关材料的优化手段,并分类介绍不同类型的钙钛矿太阳能电池及发展现状,最后对钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进行展望。
Abstract:The development of renewable energy technologies is unstoppable. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one such“rising star”with both strength and luck. Over the past decade, their certified power conversion efficiency has soared to 27.0%, which is a milestone that took crystalline silicon solar cells more than half a century to achieve. This rapid progress can be largely attributed to the unique advantages of perovskite materials, including their tunable composition and bandgap, abundant raw material sources, simple fabrication process, and low production cost. In addition, PSCs have the advantages of being lightweight and flexible and being able to be integrated with silicon-based solar cells, further broadening their application potential and positioning them as a strong contender for next-generation mainstream photovoltaic technologies. This article reviews the fundamental physical principles and development of PSCs. We describe the classification and composition of different devices in detail, summarize the strategies for optimization of their structures and materials, and discuss the current status of various types of PSCs. Finally, we present some personal perspectives on the future research and development of this field.
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