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时间之箭——从宇宙起点到量子材料
The arrow of time——from the beginning of the universe to quantum materials
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摘要:
时间反演对称性是物理学基础方程的深层属性——微观规律在时间正反方向下保持不变。然而宏观世界却呈现出清晰的时间方向。文章以时间反演对称性如何破缺为主线，串联三个尺度上的物理图像，表明时间之箭并非写在基本方程里，而是从大量粒子的集体行为中演生出来，凝聚态物理——连接微观与宏观的桥梁——正在以意想不到的方式，为这个问题提供新的思路与战场。
Abstract:Time-reversal symmetry is a fundamental property of the basic equations of physics—microscopic laws remain unchanged whether time runs forward or backward. Yet the macroscopic world displays an unmistakable arrow of time. Taking the breaking of time-reversal symmetry as its central thread, this article weaves together physical pictures across three scales, showing that the arrow of time is not written into any fundamental equation but emerges from the collective behavior of vast numbers of particles. Condensed matter physics—the bridge between the microscopic and macroscopic worlds—is opening up new perspectives and new battlegrounds for this question in unexpected ways.
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Key words:
- time reversal symmetry /
- emergence principle /
- loop current order /
- topological insulator .
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