Keywords: 
• 量子色动力学 /
• 核子 /
• 强子 /
• 部分子模型 /
• 非微扰途径

Abstract: The nucleon (hadron) is the bound state of guarks and gluons, which is described by thequantum chromodynamics (QCD). Due to the basic properties of QCD (the asymptotic freedom at thehigh-energy scale, the color-confinement and the dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking at the low-energyscale), the QCD picture for the nucleon's (hadron's) structure and property is scale-dependent. At high-energy scale, the QCD parton model, which is relative to the hard process for testing the hadron structure,is used to describe the hadron. The information about hadron's structure and property can be extractedthrough the QCD parton sum rules. QCD perturbation theory is suitable and powerful at high-energyscale. At low-energy scale, QCD nonperturbative approach must be developed to be used to describe thenucleon (hadron). Here we briefly discuss some results and progresses of various nonperturbative ap-proaches (lattice QCD, Dyson-Schwinger equation, the effective field theory, QCD sumrules), and pointout that QCD vacuum structure plays an important role in describing hadron physics at low-energy scale.