摘要:
阿伏伽德罗常数的重要性在于它可用作测量物质的量的单位,它的数值还可用作度量宏观数量与等量的微观原子数量之间的标度因子.问题起因是严格限定阿伏伽德罗常数6位有效数字是否无用,使得进一步改进测量不确定度至《10-7NA的提议悬而不决.测量不确定度的改进与提出改变有效数值是完全不同的,果真如此,有效数字此类改变都会很好地隐含在不确定度括号内的数字里.问题是基于我们的物质"微粒"特性观念和其紧密相连"数值"概念,阿伏伽德罗常数作为物质数量单位基础的确立将非常有用于国际标准单位制(SI),不仅简化了建立化学量测量结果向国际标准单位制的溯源(即物质量国际标准单位制的确立),而且还能建立微生物和尽可能多的其他生物化学测量结果向国际标准单位制的溯源.
Abstract:
Some considerations are made on the importance of the Avogadro constant. It serves as the unit for amount-of-substance measurements and its numerical value serves as a scaling factor between quantities measured on the macroscopic scale and the same quantities on the atomic scale. The question is raised whether it would not be useful to define the Avogadro constant to 6 significant digits exactly, pending a furlikely to suggest a significant change and, if so, such a change will be well within the implied uncertainty of the number of quoted digits. The question is based on our perception of the "particulate" nature of matter and the ensuing concept of "numerosity". Such a definition of the Avogadro constant as basis for the unit for amount-of-substance measurement, would be very useful to the SI. It would not only simplify the establishment of traceability of chemical amount measurement results to the SI (i. e. to the definition of the SI unit for amount-of-substance), but also enable to establish traceability to the SI of microbiological and possibly other biochemical measurement results.
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