摘要:
硅衬底GaN基发光二极管(LED)的内置n型欧姆接触在晶圆键合时的高温过程中常常退化,严重影响LED的工作电压等器件性能.本文深入研究了内置n电极蒸镀前对n-GaN表面的等离子体处理工艺对硅衬底GaN基发光二极管n型欧姆接触特性的影响.实验结果表明,1.1 mm×1.1 mm的LED芯片在350 mA电流下,n-GaN表面未做等离子体处理时,n电极为高反射率Cr/Al的芯片正向电压为3.43 V,比n电极为Cr的芯片正向电压高0.28 V.n-GaN表面经O2等离子体表面处理后,Cr/Al和Cr电极芯片的正向电压均有所降低,但Cr/Al电极芯片的正向电压仍比Cr电极芯片高0.14 V.n-GaN表面经Ar等离子体处理后,Cr/Al电极芯片正向电压降至Cr电极芯片的正向电压,均为2.92 V.利用X射线光电子能谱对Ar等离子体处理前后的n-GaN表面进行分析发现,Ar等离子体处理增加了n-GaN表面的N空位(施主)浓度,更多的N空位可以提高n型欧姆接触的热稳定性,缓解晶圆键合的高温过程对n型欧姆接触特性的破坏.同时还发现,经过Ar等离子体处理并用HCl清洗后,n-GaN表面的O原子含量略有增加,但其存在形式由以介电材料GaOx为主转变为导电材料GaOxN1?x和介电材料GaOx含量相当的状态,这会使得接触电阻进一步降低.上述两方面的变化均有利于降低LED芯片的正向电压.
Abstract:
Unlike the finger-like n-contact that is prepared after the wafer bonding and the N-polar GaN surface roughening for GaN-based vertical structure light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on Si substrates, the embedded via-like n-contact is formed prior to the wafer bonding. The high temperature process of the wafer bonding often causes the electrical characteristics of the via-like embedded n-contact to degrade. In this paper, we study in detail the effect of plasma treatment of the n-GaN surface on the forward voltage of GaN-based LED grown on Si substrate. It is shown that with no plasma treatment on the n-GaN surface, the forward voltage (at 350 mA) of the 1.1 mm × 1.1 mm chip with a highly reflective electrode of Cr (1.1 nm)/Al is 3.43 V, which is 0.28 V higher than that of the chip with a pure Cr-based electrode. The LED forward voltages for both kinds of n-contacts can be reduced by an O2 plasma treatment on the n-GaN surface. But the LED forward voltage with a Cr/Al-based electrode is still 0.14 V higher than that of the chips with a pure Cr-based electrode. However, after an Ar plasma treatment on the n-GaN surface, the LED forward voltage with a Cr/Al-based electrode is reduced to 2.92 V, which is equal to that of the chip with a pure Cr-based electrode. The process window of the n-GaN surface after the Ar plasma treatment is broader. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to help elucidate the mechanism. It is found that Ar plasma treatment can increase the concentration of N-vacancies (VN) at the n-GaN surface. VN acts as donors, and higher VN helps improve the thermal stability of n-contact because it alleviates the degradation of the n-contact characteristics caused by the high temperature wafer bonding process. It is also found that the O content increases slightly after the Ar plasma treatment and HCl cleaning. The O atoms are mainly present in the dielectric GaOx film before the Ar plasma treatment and the HCl cleaning, and they exist almost equivalently in the conductive GaOxN1?x film and the dielectric GaOx film after Ar treatment and HCl cleaning. The conductive GaOxN1?x film and the VN donors formed during the plasma treatment can reduce the contact resistance and the LED forward voltage.
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