摘要:
在雷云电场的缓慢作用下，一种无流注的正极性辉光电晕在接地物体表面起始，向周围空间注入大量正极性空间电荷，从而改变雷电先导对雷击目的物的选择。本文对雷云电场作用下起始于长地线表面的正极性辉光电晕放电进行了仿真研究；考虑了正极性离子与其他离子的附着与碰撞作用，建立了一种精确的二维正极性辉光电晕模型；并通过在实验室内开展高压电晕放电试验，测量了不同背景电场下的电晕电流；与本文所建模型的仿真结果进行对比，对模型的正确性进行了验证。基于上述模型，对正极性辉光电晕在雷云感应作用下的起始发展过程与电晕特性进行了仿真模拟，得到了该电晕的电晕电流、正离子密度分布规律以及正离子迁移规律。发现在雷云电场作用下，电晕放电产生的正离子在迁移初期于垂直于地线的平面内基本呈圆对称状均匀分布，但随着离子逐渐远离地线其分布不再均匀，呈拉长的椭圆形分布，多数离子最终分布于地线上方区域并逐渐向雷云方向迁移；由于正离子在地线上方迁移区聚集形成的正空间电荷背景对行进电子束具有衰减和消耗作用，抑制了电子崩的形成，并降低了电子崩转化为流注的概率，阻止了新的电子崩对流注的不断注入，同时正空间电荷背景使气体的碰撞面增大，增加了与电子的复合概率，引起大量电子的消耗，最终抑制了电子崩的形成与流注的发展，地线表面的上行先导得到抑制。
Abstract:
With the slow effect of electric field of thundercloud, a kind of positive glow corona without streamers is initiated from the surface of object near the ground, and a large number of positive space charges are injected into the surrounding space, consequently, lighting targets selected by the lighting leader can be changed. In this paper, a numerical simulation of positive glow corona discharge initiated from the long ground wire with the effect of the electric field of thundercloud is presented. In consideration of the attachment and collision effects between positive ions and other ions, an accurate two-dimensional positive glow corona model is established. Meanwhile, a high-voltage corona discharge experiment is done in the laboratory to measure the corona current in different background electric fields, and the results are compared with the simulation results in order to verify the correctness of the model established in this paper. According to the established model, the initiation and development progress of glow corona with the effect of thundercloud are simulated and the corona current, laws of positive ion density distribution and migration are revealed. Results show that positive ions generated from the glow corona discharge present a circular symmetric distribution in the plane perpendicular to the ground wire at their early stage of migration, but the distribution is shaped as an elongated oval later when the ions move farther from the ground wire for the effect of electric field of thundercloud, that is to say, the overwhelming majority of the ions will be finally distributed in the upper area of the ground wire and gradually migrate towards the thundercloud. Due to the accumulation effects of positive ions in the upper migration area near the ground wire, the positive space charge background is formed, which has a damping effect on the electron beam. Thus the formation of electron avalanche is suppressed and the probability for electron avalanche to be converted into streamer is reduced. Meanwhile, the positive space charge background improves the collision surface of the gas and increases the compound probability between positive ions and electrons. Therefore, the conversion processes from electron avalanche and streamer to upward leader are impeded and the initiation of upward leader is suppressed.
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