Figure 6 ,Table 3
    • Figure 1.  Structural sketch with atomic labels for 1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid (TCA), three tautomers of 1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxylate anion (TC$^-$), and the deprotonated 1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxylate dianion (dpTC$^{2-}$).

    • Figure 2.  (a) Raman spectra with step-by-step adding 0.024 mL NaOH solution (2.5 mol/L) into 1 mL the alkaline solution of TCA. The initial concentration of TCA is 0.5 mol/L in alkaline solutions. (b) Intensities of the two bands at 1453 and 1424 cm$^{-1}$ vs. the molar concentration ratio of [NaOH]/[TCA].

    • Figure 3.  Experimental (a, b, c) and calculated (d, e) Raman spectra of dpTC$^{2-}$ and d-dpTC$^{2-}$. (a) dpTC$^{2-}$ in NaOH/H$_2$O solution, (b) dpTC$^{2-}$ in NaOD/D$_2$O solution, (c) d-dpTC$^{2-}$ in NaOD/D$_2$O solution, (d) dpTC$^{2-}$ in H$_2$O, and (e) d-dpTC$^{2-}$ in D$_2$O.

    • Figure 4.  The calculated Raman spectra of TC$^-$: (a) tautomer (1H)TC$^-$, (b) tautomer (4H)TC$^-$, (c) tautomer (2H)TC$^-$. (d) The experimental Raman spectrum of TC$^-$ in aqueous solution. (e) Tautomer-distribution-weighted avearge spectrum.

    • Figure 5.  The experimental Raman spectra of (a) TC$^-$ in H$_2$O solution and (b) d-TC$^-$ in D$_2$O solution; and the calculated Raman spectra of (c) (2H)TC$^-$ and (d) d-(2H)TC$^-$.

    • Figure 6.  The calculated Raman spectra of (a) dimer 1 and (b) dueterated dimer 1, (c) dimer 2 and (d) dueterated dimer 2.