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Figure 1.  Schematic diagram of the experimental system used to synthesize diamond in an HPHT environment: (a) an alloy hammer and sample cell; (b) schematic of the diamond growth cell: (1) steel cap; (2) pyrophyllite container; (3) dolomite container; (4) diamond sample; (5) NaCl + ZrO₂ sleeve; (6) graphite sheet; (7) Cu sheet; (8) graphite heater; (9) carbon source; (10) seed crystal; (11) ZrO₂ + MgO pillar.

Figure 2.  Optical photos of diamond crystals synthesized in different experimental synthesis systems: (a) D-1; (b) D-2; (c) D-3; (d) D-4; (e) D-5; (f) D-6. See Table 1 for all associated experimental parameters.

Figure 3.  Scanning electron microscopy images of diamond crystals synthesized under different pressures in different synthesis systems: (a) D-1; (b) D-2; (c) D-3; (d) D-4; (e) D-5; (f) D-6. See Table 1 for all associated experimental parameters.

Figure 4.  FTIR spectra of diamond crystals synthesized under different pressures in different synthesis systems. See Table 1 for all associated experimental parameters.

Figure 5.  XRD spectrum of 10.0 wt.% typical carbon source block (D-6) in the Fe–Ni–C–Si system.

Figure 6.  The XPS spectra of a diamond crystal synthesized from a 10% Si source at 6.8 GPa pressure (D-6). (a) C 1s. (b) N 1s. (c) Si 2p.

Figure 7.  (a) Raman spectra of diamond crystals synthesized under different pressures in different systems. (b) Magnified map of Raman spectral data within the range of 1200.00 cm⁻¹–1500.00 cm⁻¹. See Table 1 for all associated experimental parameters.

Figure 8.  Changes in Raman peak position and full-width at half-peak of synthesized diamond crystals under different pressure conditions. (a) Fe–Ni–C system. (b) Fe–Ni–C–Si system.

Figure 9.  Schematic diagram of the conceptual diamond crystal growth process as observed in the Fe–Ni–C–Si system.