| Bhadoria P, Gupta G and Agarwal A 2021 J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 10 2745 |
| Betsch C, Korn L, Sprengholz P, Felgendreff L, Eitze S, Schmid P and Böhm R 2020 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117 21851 |
| Chalhoub Z, Koubeissy H, Fares Y and Abou-Abbas L 2022 PLoS One 17 e0270567 |
| Zhang J and Wang N 2024 Expert Syst. Appl. 249 123725 |
| Kermack W O and McKendrick A G 1991 Bull. Math. Biol. 53 33 |
| Kermack W O and McKendrick A G 1991 Bull. Math. Biol. 53 57 |
| Li J and Ma Z 2002 Math. Comput. Model. 35 1235 |
| Nakata Y, Enatsu Y and Muroya Y 2012 Int. J. Biomath. 05 1250009 |
| Harko T, Lobo F S N and Mak M K 2014 Appl. Math. Comput. 236 184 |
| Kuniya T,Wang J and Inaba H 2016 Discr. Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B 21 3515 |
| Franceschetti A and Pugliese A 2007 J. Math. Biol. 57 1 |
| He S, Peng Y and Sun K 2020 Nonlinear Dyn. 101 1667 |
| Mwalili S, Kimathi M, Ojiambo V, Gathungu D and Mbogo R 2020 BMC Res. Notes 13 352 |
| Boulaaras S, Ramalingam R and Gnanaprakasam A J 2023 Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 232 2485 |
| Li D, Xie W and Han D 2024 Appl. Math. Comput. 474 128700 |
| Kabir K M A, Kuga K and Tanimoto J 2019 Chaos Solitons Fract. 119 118 |
| Wang Z and Xia C 2020 Nonlinear Dyn. 102 3039 |
| Zhang L, Guo C and Feng M 2022 Chaos 32 083138 |
| Xie X, Huo L, Dong Y, Li M and Cheng Y 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 035211 |
| Pei H, Ding Y and Yan G 2024 Eur. Phys. J. B 97 52 |
| Funk S, Gilad E, Watkins C and Jansen V A A 2009 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 6872 |
| Granell C, Gómez S and Arenas A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 128701 |
| Granell C, Gómez S and Arenas A 2014 Phys. Rev. E 90 012808 |
| Xia C, Wang Z, Zheng C, Guo Q, Shi Y, Dehmer M and Chen Z 2019 Inf. Sci. 471 185 |
| Huang H, Chen Y and Ma Y 2021 Appl. Math. Comput. 388 125536 |
| Shuo Lv, Wang Y, Guo C and Zhang L 2024 Nonlinear Dyn. 112 2367 |
| Huo L and Wu B 2023 Chin. Phys. B 33 038702 |
| Dong Y, Huo L, Xie X and Li M 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 070205 |
| Huo L and Wu B 2023 Phys. Scr. 98 125231 |
| Ruan Z, Tang M and Liu Z 2012 Phys. Rev. E 86 036117 |
| Xie X and Huo L 2024 Chaos Solitons Fract. 181 114586 |
| Wu B and Huo L 2024 Chaos Solitons Fract. 180 114522 |
| Shi H, Duan Z, Chen G and Li R 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 3309 |
| Li L, Dong G, Zhu H and Tian L 2024 Appl. Math. Comput. 472 128617 |
| Wang X, Jia D, Gao S, Xia C, Li X and Wang Z 2020 Appl. Math. Comput. 380 125232 |
| Wang Z, Andrews M A,Wu Z,Wang L and Bauch C T 2015 Phys. Life Rev. 15 1 |
| Han D and Wang X 2023 Chaos Solitons Fract. 176 114106 |
| Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhou C, Small M and Wang B 2010 New J. Phys. 12 023015 |
| Zhang H, Wu Z, Xu X, Small M, Wang L and Wang B 2013 Phys. Rev. E 88 012813 |
| Zhang H, Wu Z, Tang M and Lai Y 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5666 |
| Zhang H, Shu P,Wang Z, TangMand Small M 2017 Appl. Math. Comput. 294 332 |
| Kabir K M A, Kuga K and Tanimoto J 2019 Chaos Solitons Fract. 119 180 |
| Kabir K M A, Ullah M S and Tanimoto J 2023 Vaccines 11 1476 |
| Kabir K M A, Islam M S and Sharif Ullah M 2023 Vaccines 11 1421 |
| Jiang B, Lin Y, Zou R, Su R and Mi Y 2023 Chaos Solitons Fract. 170 113411 |
| Wang Y, Tu L, Wang X and Guo Y 2024 Chaos Solitons Fract. 180 114419 |
| Yin Q, Wang Z, Xia C and Bauch C T 2022 Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 109 106312 |
| Steinegger B, Arenas A, Gómez-Gardeñes J and Granell C 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 023181 |
| Zhang W and Brandes U 2023 Chaos Solitons Fract. 176 114172 |
| Ford J L, Douglas M and Barrett A K 2023 Health Commun. 38 2336 |
| Xia C, Wang L, Wang J and Wang J 2012 Commun. Theor. Phys. 58 343 |
| Zhang Q, Tang R, Lu Y and Wang X 2024 Appl. Math. Comput. 474 128721 |
| Boccaletti S, Latora V, Moreno Y, Chavez M, and Hwang D 2006 Phys. Rep. 424 175 |
| Deng Y and Wu J 2024 PNAS Nexus 3 228 |
| Aparicio S, Villazoń-Terrazas J and Á lvarez G 2015 Entropy 17 5848 |
| Nokkala J, Piilo J and Bianconi G 2024 Math. Theor. 57 233001 |
| Christakis N A and Fowler J H 2012 Stat. Med. 32 556 |
| Muhlmeyer M, Agarwal S and Huang J 2020 IEEE Syst. J. 14 5187 |
| Scholly K, Katz A R, Gascoigne J and Holck P S 2005 J. Am. Coll. Health 53 159 |
| Angerer S, Glätzle-Rützler D, Lergetporer P and Rittmannsberger T 2024 Eur. Econ. Rev. 163 104640 |
| Moussaoui L S, Heiser N H and Olivier Desrichard 2024 Health Psychol. 43 237 |
| Li M, Huo L, Xie X and Dong Y 2024 Chaos 34 083116 |
| Our World in Data. See https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/covid; accessed February 2025 |