利用引力波探测宇宙膨胀历史
Probing the history of cosmic expansion with gravitational waves
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摘要:
宇宙膨胀历史的信息反映在银河系外天体的距离和红移的关系中。引力波探测允许观测者直接测量引力波源的光度距离,而以电磁波为信使的传统天文观测可以测量引力波源的红移信息,两者结合可以用于探测宇宙的膨胀历史。2017年,LIGO和Virgo利用双中子星并合引力波事件GW170817的多信使联合观测,首次实现了利用引力波对宇宙膨胀速度的测量。利用引力波探测宇宙膨胀历史不依赖于传统电磁观测的测距方式,可以作为解决当前宇宙学危机的极具潜力的手段。文章将介绍利用引力波探测宇宙膨胀历史的基本原理、目前的探测结果和未来的预期表现,以及待解决的问题。
Abstract:Information about the history of cosmic expansion is encoded in the distanceredshift relationship of extragalactic objects. Gravitational wave detection allows observers to directly measure the luminosity distance of gravitational wave sources, while traditional astronomical observations using electromagnetic waves as messengers can measure redshift information of the gravitational wave sources; the two methods combined can be used to probe the history of the expanding universe. In 2017, LIGO and Virgo achieved the first measurement of the cosmic expansion rate using gravitational waves through multi-messenger observations of the binary neutron star merger event GW170817. This method, independent of traditional electromagnetic distance-measurement techniques, presents a promising avenue to address current cosmological tensions. This article introduces the fundamental principles of using gravitational waves to investigate cosmic expansion, reviews current observational results and future prospects, and discusses outstanding challenges in this emerging field.
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