超越爱因斯坦的旅程:修正引力理论与宇宙学模型
The journey beyond Einstein:modified gravity theories and cosmological models
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摘要: 在宇宙学研究中,广义相对论虽在局部尺度取得成功,但在解释星系旋转曲线异常、宇宙加速膨胀等宇宙尺度现象时面临困境,暗物质和暗能量本质也尚未明确,这促使科学家探索修正引力理论与宇宙学模型。修正引力理论通过调整引力基本假设,为解决宇宙学难题提供新视角。如f(R)引力可驱动早期宇宙暴胀并在晚期模拟暗能量效应;标量—张量理论引入动态标量场调节引力强度;膜宇宙模型利用额外维度引力泄漏解释宇宙加速膨胀。引力波作为时空探针,为检验引力理论和研究宇宙演化开辟了新窗口,例如GW170817的联合观测限制了引力波传播速度与光速的偏差。未来,欧几里得卫星等空间引力波探测器天文项目将提供更多数据,进一步检验修正引力理论,推动人们对宇宙本质的理解,助力物理学迈向新时代。Abstract: In cosmological research, although the general theory of relativity has achieved success on local scales, it faces difficulties in explaining cosmic-scale phenomena such as abnormal galactic rotation curves and the accelerated expansion of the universe. Moreover, the nature of dark matter and dark energy remains unclear. These issues have prompted scientists to explore modified gravitational theories and cosmological models, which offer new perspectives on cosmological puzzles by adjusting the basic assumptions of gravity. For example, f(R) gravity can drive the inflation of the early universe and simulate the effects of dark energy in the late stage; scalar-tensor theories introduce dynamic scalar fields to regulate the strength of gravity; and braneworld models explain the accelerated expansion of the universe using the gravitational leakage of extra dimensions. Gravitational waves, as probes of spacetime, open up a new window for testing gravitational theories and studying the evolution of the universe. For instance, the joint observation of GW170817 constrained the deviation of the propagation speed of gravitational waves from the speed of light. In the future, astronomical projects such as the Euclid satellite and space-based gravitational wave detectors will provide more data to further test the modified theories, promoting our understanding of the nature of the universe and helping physics move towards a new age.
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Key words:
- modified gravity theories /
- cosmological models /
- gravitational wave /
- general relativity .
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